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Types and characteristics of hydraulic cylinders
According to the structure of common hydraulic cylinders, they can be divided into four types:
Piston type
The single piston rod hydraulic cylinder only has a piston rod at one end. As shown in the figure, it is a single piston hydraulic cylinder. The inlet and outlet oil ports A and B at both ends can be connected with pressure oil or return oil to realize two-way movement, so they are called double acting cylinders.
Plunger type
(1) The plunger type hydraulic cylinder is a single acting hydraulic cylinder, which can only achieve movement in one direction by hydraulic pressure, and the return stroke of the plunger depends on other external forces or the weight of the plunger;
(2) The plunger is only supported by the cylinder liner and does not contact with the cylinder liner, so the cylinder liner is very easy to process, so it is suitable for making a long stroke hydraulic cylinder;
(3) The plunger is always under pressure during operation, so it must have sufficient stiffness;
(4) The weight of plunger is often large, and it is easy to sag due to its own weight when it is placed horizontally, causing unilateral wear of seals and guides, so its vertical use is more favorable.
The piston can only move in one direction, and its reverse movement needs to be completed by external force. However, its stroke is generally larger than that of the piston type hydraulic cylinder.
Telescopic
The telescopic hydraulic cylinder has two-stage or multi-stage pistons. The sequence of piston extension in the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is from large to small, while the sequence of no-load retraction is generally from small to large. The telescopic cylinder can achieve a long stroke, while the retracted length is short and the structure is compact. This kind of hydraulic cylinder is commonly used in construction machinery and agricultural machinery. For the piston with one movement, the output speed and output force of each piston will change when it moves step by step.
Swinging type
Swing type hydraulic cylinder is an actuator that outputs torque and realizes reciprocating motion, also known as swing type hydraulic motor. There are two types: single blade and double blade. The stator block is fixed on the cylinder block, while the blade and rotor are connected together. According to the oil inlet direction, the blade will drive the rotor to and fro swing.